Vein Distribution on the Deformation Behavior and Fracture Mechanisms of Typical Plant Leaves by Quasi In Situ Tensile Test under a Digital Microscope

Table 1

Leaf morphology and vein traits of six typical plant leaves.

	Netted venation plant			Parallel venation plant
	P. alba	S. oblata	A. altissima	C. indica	H. plantaginea	R. excelsa
Family	Salicaceae	Oleaceae	Simaroubaceae	Cannaceae	Liliaceae	Palmae
Leaf length (cm)	9.21	10.28	23.48	46.39	13.90	28.10
Leaf width (cm)	8.42	7.54	9.55	17.44	7.69	1.69
Leaf length-to-width ratio	1.09	1.36	2.46	2.66	1.81	16.63
Leaf thickness (mm)	0.24	0.21	0.19	0.35	0.22	0.25
Leaf area (cm^2)	51.21	49.57	168.95	531.38	75.58	34.99
1° vein density (mm mm^-2)	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.22	0.38
2° vein density (mm mm^-2)	0.08	0.11	0.09	0.6	—	—
3° vein density (mm mm^-2)	0.3	0.27	0.29	—	—	—
Angle between 1° and 2° veins (α)	41°-76°	43°-65°	53°-75°	21°-59°	—	—
Angle between 2° and 3° veins (β)	63°-86°	62°-90°	65°-90°	—	—	—