Directional Dependence of Experimental Trunk Stiffness: Role of Muscle-Stiffness Variation of Nonneural Origin

Figure 3

Bracketing of (a) forward and (b) backward trunk stiffness with respect to the load for tonus levels T4 (15%, 28%, and 32%) and T5 (15%, 28%, and 40%) for classes C1, C2, and C3, respectively.

(a)

(b)