Application of Leg, Vertical, and Joint Stiffness in Running Performance: A Literature Overview

Figure 2

An example of a simple spring-mass model used to estimate leg and vertical stiffness during vertical body displacements only, where COM denotes the centre of mass, is the change in “spring length” representing both lower limbs, is the displacement of COM, and GRF means the ground reaction force (based on Blickhan [19]).