Review Article
Application of Leg, Vertical, and Joint Stiffness in Running Performance: A Literature Overview
Table 4
List of the longitudinal studies on training effects on mechanical stiffness.
| Authors | Year | Number of participants | Sport background | Motor skill | Stiffness measure |
| Ache-Dias et al. [128] | 2018 | 18 () | Recreational runners | Submaximal constant load running test on treadmill (6 min at 9 km/h) | Leg, vertical | Lum et al. [129] | 2019 | 14 males | Moderately trained endurance runners | 10 km running on treadmill at 10 km/h and 12 km/h | Leg, vertical | Nagahara and Zushi [127] | 2017 | 9 males | Sprinter, 2 jumpers, 5 pole vaulters, and a decathlete | 60 m sprint | Leg, vertical, knee joint, ankle joint | Roschel et al. [130] | 2015 | 15 humans | Recreational runners | Submaximal running tests on treadmill (10 min at 12 km/h and 90% ventilatory threshold intensity) | Vertical | Rumpf et al. [73] | 2015 | 32 children | Physically active and trained a minimum of two times per week | 30 m sprint on treadmill | Leg, vertical |
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