Shoe Bending Stiffness Influence on Lower Extremity Energetics in Consecutive Jump Take-Off

Table 3

Kinematics and kinetics of the MTP, ankle, knee, and hip joints during the take-off phase ().

Variables	Control shoe	Stiff shoe			Effect size
MTP
Max. angle (°)			2.41	0.030	0.62
Min. angle (°)			-0.25	0.808	0.06
RoM (°)			3.53	0.003	0.91
Max. angular velocity (°/s)			6.94	0.000	1.79
Min. angular velocity (°/s)			2.02	0.064	0.52
Max. moment (Nm/BW·BH)			1.54^Z	0.125	0.56^a
Min. moment (Nm/BW·BH)			0.10	0.923	0.03
Max. power (W/BW·BH)			1.40	0.183	0.36
Min. power (W/BW·BH)			1.51^Z	0.132	0.55^a
Work (J/BW·BH)			2.23^Z	0.026	0.97^a
Ankle
Max. angle (°)			-0.11	0.911	0.03
Min. angle (°)			0.84	0.414	0.22
RoM (°)			-0.86	0.402	0.22
Max. angular velocity (°/s)			0.02	0.982	0.01
Max. moment (Nm/BW·BH)			0.92	0.371	0.24
Min. moment (Nm/BW·BH)			-0.21	0.834	0.06
Max. power (W/BW·BH)			0.20	0.845	0.05
Min. power (W/BW·BH)			0.51^Z	0.609	0.03^a
Work (J/BW·BH)			-0.39	0.701	0.10
Knee
Max. angle (°)			0.34^Z	0.733	0.26^a
Min. angle (°)			0.72	0.486	0.19
RoM (°)			-1.21	0.247	0.31
Max. angular velocity (°/s)			0.84	0.414	0.22
Max. moment (Nm/BW·BH)			0.04	0.973	0.01
Min. moment (Nm/BW·BH)			0.18	0.862	0.05
Max. power (W/BW·BH)			0.76	0.461	0.20
Min. power (W/BW·BH)			0.29	0.777	0.07
Work (J/BW·BH)			1.02^Z	0.306	0.26^a
Hip
Max. angle (°)			-0.52	0.609	0.14
Min. angle (°)			1.25^Z	0.211	0.21^a
RoM (°)			-1.75	0.101	0.45
Max. angular velocity (°/s)			0.57^Z	0.580	0.15^a
Max. moment (Nm/BW·BH)			-1.25	0.234	0.32
Min. moment (Nm/BW·BH)			1.42	0.178	0.37
Max. power (W/BW·BH)			-1.97	0.069	0.51
Min. power (W/BW·BH)			1.79	0.095	0.46
Work (J/BW·BH)			-1.00	0.333	0.26

^aWilcoxon signed-rank test was performed using , otherwise paired -test was performed using Cohen’s . represents the -value, otherwise it is the -value. Italic numbers indicate significant difference between two conditions.