Shoe Bending Stiffness Influence on Lower Extremity Energetics in Consecutive Jump Take-Off
Table 3
Kinematics and kinetics of the MTP, ankle, knee, and hip joints during the take-off phase ().
Variables
Control shoe
Stiff shoe
Effect size
MTP
Max. angle (°)
2.41
0.030
0.62
Min. angle (°)
-0.25
0.808
0.06
RoM (°)
3.53
0.003
0.91
Max. angular velocity (°/s)
6.94
0.000
1.79
Min. angular velocity (°/s)
2.02
0.064
0.52
Max. moment (Nm/BW·BH)
1.54Z
0.125
0.56a
Min. moment (Nm/BW·BH)
0.10
0.923
0.03
Max. power (W/BW·BH)
1.40
0.183
0.36
Min. power (W/BW·BH)
1.51Z
0.132
0.55a
Work (J/BW·BH)
2.23Z
0.026
0.97a
Ankle
Max. angle (°)
-0.11
0.911
0.03
Min. angle (°)
0.84
0.414
0.22
RoM (°)
-0.86
0.402
0.22
Max. angular velocity (°/s)
0.02
0.982
0.01
Max. moment (Nm/BW·BH)
0.92
0.371
0.24
Min. moment (Nm/BW·BH)
-0.21
0.834
0.06
Max. power (W/BW·BH)
0.20
0.845
0.05
Min. power (W/BW·BH)
0.51Z
0.609
0.03a
Work (J/BW·BH)
-0.39
0.701
0.10
Knee
Max. angle (°)
0.34Z
0.733
0.26a
Min. angle (°)
0.72
0.486
0.19
RoM (°)
-1.21
0.247
0.31
Max. angular velocity (°/s)
0.84
0.414
0.22
Max. moment (Nm/BW·BH)
0.04
0.973
0.01
Min. moment (Nm/BW·BH)
0.18
0.862
0.05
Max. power (W/BW·BH)
0.76
0.461
0.20
Min. power (W/BW·BH)
0.29
0.777
0.07
Work (J/BW·BH)
1.02Z
0.306
0.26a
Hip
Max. angle (°)
-0.52
0.609
0.14
Min. angle (°)
1.25Z
0.211
0.21a
RoM (°)
-1.75
0.101
0.45
Max. angular velocity (°/s)
0.57Z
0.580
0.15a
Max. moment (Nm/BW·BH)
-1.25
0.234
0.32
Min. moment (Nm/BW·BH)
1.42
0.178
0.37
Max. power (W/BW·BH)
-1.97
0.069
0.51
Min. power (W/BW·BH)
1.79
0.095
0.46
Work (J/BW·BH)
-1.00
0.333
0.26
aWilcoxon signed-rank test was performed using , otherwise paired -test was performed using Cohen’s . represents the -value, otherwise it is the -value. Italic numbers indicate significant difference between two conditions.