Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

Research Article

A Pilot Study of Compensatory Strategies for Reach-to-Grasp-Pen in Patients with Stroke

Table 4

Comparison of maximum flexion values, maximum extension values, and joint range of motion in the stroke and healthy groups.

Peak flexion, degrees

Peak extension, degrees

Range of motion, degrees

Healthy

Mild

Moderate

value

Healthy

Mild

Moderate

value

Healthy

Mild

Moderate

value

MCP

Thumb

17.16 ± 7.37

21.41 ± 7.31

19.56 ± 6.96

0.913

0.413

3.77 (0.25–6.51)

3.15(0.52–4.72)

4.49 (2.19–7.63)

1.045

0.593

13.64 ± 5.76

17.97 ± 5.87

14.79 ± 5.26

1.687

0.203

Index

56.70 ± 5.25

56.95 ± 9.34

52.31 ± 9.64

1.046

0.364

18.60 ± 6.13

10.80 ± 7.95^a

12.21 ± 6.94^a

3.562

0.041

38.09 ± 6.64

46.15 ± 11.72

40.10 ± 9.49

2.034

0.149

Middle

54.62 (51.80– 58.13)

67.77 (65.34–72.45)

54.39 (47.81– 76.78)

4.064

0.131

23.24 ± 9.06

17.91 ± 12.83

18.64 ± 15.36

0.595

0.558

34.28 ± 11.72

48.17 ± 17.70^a

41.67 ± 11.55

3.806

0.034

Ring

59.29 (56.12–62.90)

68.22 (62.96–72.96)

55.88 (51.06–66.56)

4.506

0.105

25.96 ± 11.96

20.41 ± 15.77

19.85 ± 17.54

0.498

0.613

34.28 ± 11.72

45.40 ± 13.01

39.42 ± 9.29

2.485

0.101

Little

66.24 (64.07–66.89)

69.14 (66.80–72.77)

55.81 (53.09–72.48)

3.486

0.175

26.47 ± 12.30

25.44 ± 18.08

21.31 ± 15.26

0.332

0.720

38.78 ± 11.28

40.44 ± 15.83

40.81 ± 7.41

0.083

0.921

PIP

Thumb

29.14 ± 10.32

35.11 ± 8.88

32.37 ± 8.03

1.131

0.337

6.45 (0.88–12.71)

3.69 (0.95–7.66)

9.28 (3.72–13.92)

2.057

0.358

22.47 ± 6.81

29.12 ± 7.28

23.21 ± 5.98

3.171

0.057

Index

55.69 ± 8.99

58.01 ± 11.30

53.32 ± 17.24

0.223

0.801

25.40 ± 7.08

18.12 ± 7.76^a

18.24 ± 4.57^a

4.112

0.027

30.28 ± 9.03

39.89 ± 10.18

36.07 ± 14.25

1.857

0.174

Middle

62.43 ± 6.91

73.43 ± 9.26

71.11 ± 15.10

2.823

0.076

33.31 ± 9.80

30.68 ± 12.67

33.93 ± 16.30

0.183

0.834

29.12 ± 7.18

42.75 ± 10.36^a

37.18 ± 12.78

4.469

0.020

Ring

62.52 ± 5.28

70.47 ± 10.56

68.43 ± 8.59

2.180

0.131

38.11 ± 11.09

29.31 ± 14.86

31.49 ± 14.26

1.180

0.322

24.40 ± 8.69

41.16 ± 13.17^a

36.94 ± 9.66^a

6.814

0.004

Little

59.27 ± 5.83

67.95 ± 10.44

64.60 ± 2.58

2.712

0.083

36.26 ± 11.14

27.45 ± 14.39

1.581

0.223

23.00 ± 6.36

41.01 ± 15.58^a

37.14 ± 8.72^a

7.587

0.002

DIP

Index

41.92 ± 11.87

46.77 ± 12.23

42.07 ± 14.42

0.492

0.616

15.98 ± 4.06

10.95 ± 5.86

11.73 ± 4.14

3.293

0.051

25.94 ± 12.97

35.81 ± 10.23

30.34 ± 14.53

1.597

0.220

Middle

54.48 ± 9.09

63.80 ± 9.32

65.81 ± 15.40

2.750

0.081

23.24 ± 9.06

22.03 ± 11.89

23.99 ± 13.58

0.078

0.925

31.23 ± 14.03

41.77 ± 8.60

41.81 ± 14.44

2.416

0.107

Ring

62.53 ± 7.15

68.20 ± 8.13

70.36 ± 12.28

1.865

0.173

33.03 ± 10.08

26.70 ± 12.24

28.86 ± 14.61

0.686

0.512

29.49 ± 11.19

41.49 ± 11.56

41.49 ± 16.25

2.810

0.077

Little

66.97 ± 4.90

71.81 ± 11.15

73.85 ± 11.50

1.350

0.275

36.78 ± 8.58

31.48 ± 14.87

34.84 ± 14.16

0.452

0.641

30.19 ± 7.83

40.32 ± 12.27

39.00 ± 12.55

2.501

0.099

Mean ± SD of peak flexion, peak extension, and total mean range of motion (flexion minus extension) of the distal interphalangeal (DIP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of each finger in the healthy group and patients. Mild group: stroke patients with mild motor impairment. Moderate group: stroke patients with moderate motor impairment. ^aCompared with the healthy group, . ^bCompared with the mild group, .