The Outcome and Safety in Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration with Primary Suture versus T-Tube Drainage: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of the included studies.

First author	Year	Study design	Total cases	No. of patients (primary suture: T-tube)	Included outcomes	Quality
Zhou	2019	Retrospective	79	38:41	a, b, c, e, f, g, h	8
Cai	2012	Retrospective	239	137:102	a, b, c, e, f, g, h	8
Wang	2014	Prospective	240	132:108	a, b, c, f, g, h	9
Parra-Membrives	2017	Retrospective	88	36:52	e, g, h	7
El-Geidie	2010	RCT	122	61:61	e, f, g	5
Zhang	2017	Retrospective	78	38:40	a, c, g	7
Tang	2013	Retrospective	105	85:20	a, c, d, f, g, h	8
Wang	2013	Retrospective	71	39:32	e, g	8
Zheng	2017	Retrospective	67	34:33	a, b, c, g	7
Ha	2004	Retrospective	38	12:26	e, g, h	7
Leida	2008	RCT	80	40:40	c, d, e, g, h	6
Zhang	2008	RCT	93	47:46	a, c, d, e, g	6
Dong	2014	RCT	194	101:93	a, b, c, d, e, g, h	6
Zhang	2004	RCT	55	27:28	a, c, d, e, g, h	4

Included outcomes: a, operative time; b, intraoperative bleeding; c, postoperative hospital stay; d, hospital expenses; e, postoperative complications; f, postoperative bleeding; g, bile leakage; h, bile duct stricture.