Effect of Reduced <svg style="vertical-align:-4.67648pt;width:20.737499px;" id="M1" height="20.924999" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 20.737499 20.924999" width="20.737499"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,20.925)">
		<g transform="translate(72,-55.26)">
			<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.97)">
				<tspan style="font-size: 17.93px; " x="0" y="0">𝑘</tspan>
			</text>

			<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.23,55.49)">
				<tspan style="font-size: 12.55px; " x="0" y="0">0</tspan>
			</text>

		</g>
	</g>
</svg> Zone on Time-Dependent Analysis of Tunnels

<table>Variation of <svg height="10.325" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.2875 10.325" width="13.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.74)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝐾</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg> at the crown, spring line, and invert during the excavation of the tunnel.</table>

Advances in Civil Engineering

fig11

Figure 11

Figure 11: Effect of Reduced <svg style="vertical-align:-4.67648pt;width:20.737499px;" id="M1" height="20.924999" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 20.737499 20.924999" width="20.737499"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,20.925)">
		<g transform="translate(72,-55.26)">
			<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.97)">
				<tspan style="font-size: 17.93px; " x="0" y="0">𝑘</tspan>
			</text>

			<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.23,55.49)">
				<tspan style="font-size: 12.55px; " x="0" y="0">0</tspan>
			</text>

		</g>
	</g>
</svg> Zone on Time-Dependent Analysis of Tunnels 

Advances in Civil Engineering

Effect of Reduced 𝑘 0 Zone on Time-Dependent Analysis of Tunnels

Figure 11

Effect of Reduced Zone on Time-Dependent Analysis of Tunnels