Development of Pavement Distress Deterioration Prediction Models for Urban Road Network Using Genetic Programming

Table 5

GP models for progression of cracking, potholes, ravelling, rutting, and roughness for urban roads.

	Values
Model 1 (cracking progression)	, where is the cracking of the next year, is the cracking of the previous year, is the modified structural number of the previous year, is the age of the pavement before the start of the analysis year, and is the number of equivalent standard axle repetitions in the analysis year (in millions)
Model 2 (ravelling progression)	, where is the ravelling area of the next year and is the ravelling of the previous year, is the age of the pavement before the start of the analysis year, and is the number of equivalent standard axle repetition in the analysis year (in millions)
Model 3 (potholes progression)	where is the pothole of the next year (number per km), is the pothole of the next year (number per km), is the cracking of the previous year, is the ravelling area of the previous year, is the age of the pavement before the start of the analysis year, and is the number of equivalent standard axle repetition in the analysis year (in millions)
Model 4 (rutting progression)	where is the rutting of the next year, is the rutting of the previous year, is the modified structural number of the previous year, is the age of the pavement before the start of the analysis year, is the drainage factor, is the cracking of the previous year, and is the number of equivalent standard axle repetitions in the analysis period (in millions)
Model 5 (roughness progression)	where is the roughness of the next year, is the roughness of the previous year, is the number of equivalent standard axle repetitions in the analysis year (in millions), is the age of the pavement before the start of the analysis year, and is the change in the number of potholes during the analysis year, is the rut depth in the previous year