Critical Success Factors for Safety Management of High-Rise Building Construction Projects in China

Table 2

Factors affecting construction safety management.

Number	Factor	Source	Description
1	Safety production liability system	[30, 31]	Safety production liability system is a compulsory system in the Chinese construction industry used to stipulate responsibilities of the leadership, management, and labor layers. Clear assignment of responsibilities enables all involved parties to perform specific tasks to meet safety requirements.
2	Special construction plans for safety of danger subprojects	[30, 31]	High-risk subprojects, such as high-altitude construction, high formwork, and deep foundation pits, need special safety construction plans prior to work. Appropriate special construction plans are essential technical documents used to guide management and operations.
3	Safety inspection	[28, 30, 31, 35, 37, 40–45]	Safety programs may require safety managers (e.g., safety supervisor, project manager, and safety officer, etc.) to conduct adequate inspection during construction to protect workers from workplace hazards. Safety inspections are also an effective way to discover potential safety problems and correct them to reduce the accident rate.
4	Safety education and training of workers	[10, 11, 30, 31, 35, 37, 40, 42, 43, 43–48, 48, 49–52]	Safety management performance can be improved if all workers are educated and trained properly. Education and training are used to improve worker safety awareness and knowledge and skills to prevent accidents.
5	Emergency response plan	[30, 35, 37, 39]	In the event of an accident, emergency rescue is the most efficient way to minimize loss. Thus, construction projects should have scientific emergency response plans in place prior to work.
6	Employment with certificates	[30, 31]	The Chinese construction industry has implemented an occupational certificate system to guarantee worker quality and competence. Safety managers (e.g., project manager, supervisor, and safety officer) and technical workers (e.g., welder, scaffolder, and concreter) are required to obtain professional certification to perform work.
7	Accident reports and investigation	[30, 31, 35, 37, 39, 43, 44, 46, 47, 53]	Accident reports and investigations ensure that accidents are handled appropriately and prompt reflection and improvement. Accident analysis identifies root causes to improve future accident prevention.
8	Safety environment	[30, 31, 37]	Safety environment covers a wide scope including physical environment (e.g., light and temperature), site layout, and safety protection. A good safety environment guarantees safe conditions to reduce potential onsite hazards.
9	Control of subcontractor	[30, 35, 37, 44, 46, 47, 53]	Safety management is not assigned to a single party, but rather is the common purpose of all stakeholders. Subcontractor management entails ensuring subcontractor qualification and performance to ensure safe work practices at all levels.
10	Safety committee	[31, 35, 37–39]	Safety committee comprises of the project manager, safety officers, and other relevant management personnels. As the key leader and decision-maker for safety management, the safety committee plays an important role in improving safety performance.
11	Safety incentive	[42–49]	Safety incentives are widely used to incentivize workers to play an active role in safety management and effectively encourage good safety behavior.
12	Regular safety meetings	[28, 41–43, 45, 47]	Regular formal safety meetings allow all relevant parties to review safety records and discuss safety problems. Detailed safety management plans and safety goals should be discussed and determined through such meetings.
13	Management support	[10, 11, 40, 45, 48, 51, 54–57]	Management support can ensure that sufficient resources are allocated for safety management, and proper actions are conducted to improve safety performance. Support from management is also an important dimension of safety climate and safety culture to encourage workers to attach more importance to safety.
14	Provision of personal protection equipment (PPE)	[44, 49, 54, 55]	PPE is essential for routine construction works, and for high-altitude works in particular. In practice, managers should provide adequate PPE to each worker and require its usage.
15	Detailed safety management plan	[42, 46, 47, 53]	The safety management plan is a formal safety management document including safety goals, strategies, measures, rules, and schedules.
16	Safety investment	[40, 42, 48, 55]	Safety investment entails the distribution and allocation of key resources for construction safety management. Safety management cannot be effective without adequate investment. Thus, a certain proportion of engineering costs should be allocated to safety management.
17	Personal attitude	[10, 11, 51, 56, 58]	Personal attitude entails the intrinsic motivation of workers to actively participate in safety management practices. One of the main purposes of safety management is to cultivate positive safety attitudes among workers.
18	Suitable supervision	[10, 11, 51, 56]	Appropriate supervision from government agencies should guarantee the provision of adequate safety resource and standardized management. Supervising departments will regularly inspect construction sites to ensure safety management conforms to relevant regulations and standards.
19	Safety equipment	[10, 51, 52, 56]	The procurement, maintenance, and operation of safety equipment must all be emphasized. The safety of construction site equipment, including cranes, welders, and rebar cutters, must all be strictly controlled.
20	Personal competency	[10, 51, 52, 59]	Personal competency means that people can complete tasks properly based on his/her knowledge, experience, and skills. To avoid accidents, tasks must be assigned to qualified individuals.
21	Clear and reasonable objective	[10, 11, 51, 60]	Clear and reasonable safety goals are the main directions for safety management of a project. Safety management strategies, such as plans, schemes, and detailed measures, all should aim to achieve the project safety goals.