Does Augmented Reality Effectively Foster Visual Learning Process in Construction? An Eye-Tracking Study in Steel Installation

Table 1

Overview of experimental studies on AR for teaching and learning.

Reference	Domain	Setting	Participants	AR treatment	Control group treatment	Evaluation content
[24]	Biology	Classroom	72 fifth-grade children	AR graphic book	A picture book or physical interactions	Error; retention; satisfaction
[26]	Anatomy	Classroom	171 students: 78 with medicine degree, 48 with physiotherapy degree, and 45 with podiatry degree	AR software	Notes; videos	Acquisition of anatomy contents
[28]	Chinese writing	Classroom and field	30 12th grade students	AR-based writing support system	Text-graph writing support materials	Writing performance (subject, content control, article structure, and wording)
[21]	Mathematics	Field experiment	101 participants: 40 from primary school, 34 from secondary school, and 27 from university	AR mobile application	Physical information	Knowledge retention
[29]	Physics	Classroom	64 high-school students	AR-learning application	An educational website	Knowledge acquisition; flow experience
[30]	Architecture	Classroom	57 university students	AR mobile application	Text-graph materials	Academic performance
[23]	Natural science	Field experiment	57 4th grade students	AR-based mobile learning approach	Inquiry-based mobile learning approach	Learning achievement and motivation