Shield-Roof Interaction in Longwall Panels: Insights from Field Data and Their Application to Ground Control

Figure 5

Evolution of (a) periodic weighting interval, (b) periodic weighting intensity factor, (c) average TWASD during consecutive roof weightings, and (d) number of cycles experiencing roof weighting, with longwall retreating time in Panel LW22306 of Bulianta mine. The upper x-axis denotes length of retreat.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)