Parametric Study on Mixed Torsional Behavior of U-Shaped Thin-Walled RC Girders

Figure 17

Simulated torque-rotation curves under different boundary conditions with (a) SL-CL ratio of 2.0, (b) SL-CL ratio of 3.0, and (c) SL-CL ratio of 4.0. “SL-CL ratio” means span length-characteristic length ratio; “YL” means yielding of longitudinal bars; “YS” means yielding of stirrups.

(a)

(b)

(c)