Parametric Study on Mixed Torsional Behavior of U-Shaped Thin-Walled RC Girders

Figure 9

Constitutive laws of concrete: (a) compressive stress-strain curve, (b) tensile stress-crack width curve, (c) compressive damage-inelastic strain curve, and (d) tensile damage-crack width curve.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)