A Parameter Classification System for Nonrevenue Water Management in Water Distribution Networks

<div class="floats-full-page floats-full-page-other"><h2>Table 1</h2><div class="floats-full-page-caption"><div>Components of water balance [<a href="../../3841979/#B14" target="_blank">14</a>, <a href="../../3841979/#B15" target="_blank">15</a>, <a href="../../3841979/#B29" target="_blank">29</a>].</div></div><div class="floats-full-page-content"><table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left" rowspan="9">System input volume</td><td class="align_center" rowspan="4">Authorized consumption</td><td class="align_center" rowspan="2">Billed authorized consumption</td><td class="align_center">Billed metered consumption (including water exported)</td><td class="align_center" rowspan="2">Revenue water</td></tr><tr><td class="align_center">Billed nonmetered consumption</td></tr><tr><td class="align_center" rowspan="2">Unbilled authorized consumption</td><td class="align_center">Unbilled metered consumption</td><td class="align_center" rowspan="7">Nonrevenue water</td></tr><tr><td class="align_center">Unbilled nonmetered consumption</td></tr><tr><td class="align_center" rowspan="5">Water losses</td><td class="align_center" rowspan="2">Apparent losses</td><td class="align_center">Unauthorized consumption</td></tr><tr><td class="align_center">Metering inaccuracies</td></tr><tr><td class="align_center" rowspan="3">Real losses</td><td class="align_center">Leaks in transmission and/or distribution mains</td></tr><tr><td class="align_center">Leaks and overflows at a utility’s storage tanks</td></tr><tr><td class="align_center">Leaks in service connections to customer meters</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr" /></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div></div>

Table 1 | A Parameter Classification System for Nonrevenue Water Management in Water Distribution Networks

title

Table 1: A Parameter Classification System for Nonrevenue Water Management in Water Distribution Networks

description

Table 1

About this journal

<p><em>Advances in Civil Engineering</em> publishes original research articles as well as review articles in all areas of civil engineering. The journal welcomes submissions across a range of disciplines, and publishes both theoretical and practical studies.</p>


Journal profile

Meet the editorial board

<p>Chief Editor, Professor Vipulanandan, is based at the University of Houston and his current research interests are in geotechnical, materials and geoenvironmental engineering.</p>


Editor spotlight

Submit to Special Issue

We currently have a number of Special Issues open for submission. Special Issues highlight emerging areas of research within a field, or provide a venue for a deeper investigation into an existing research area.