The Numerical Simulation of Hard Rocks for Tunnelling Purposes at Great Depths: A Comparison between the Hybrid FDEM Method and Continuous Techniques

<div>(a) Photograph of URL Test Tunnel (after [<a href="/journals/ace/2018/3868716/#B16">16</a>] modified from [<a href="/journals/ace/2018/3868716/#B24">24</a>]) showing the damage profile observed in situ. (b) Damage profile from the FDEM model (highlighted black) after the completion of the numerical analysis.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 5

Figure 5: The Numerical Simulation of Hard Rocks for Tunnelling Purposes at Great Depths: A Comparison between the Hybrid FDEM Method and Continuous Techniques 

Figure 5 | The Numerical Simulation of Hard Rocks for Tunnelling Purposes at Great Depths: A Comparison between the Hybrid FDEM Method and Continuous Techniques 