The Numerical Simulation of Hard Rocks for Tunnelling Purposes at Great Depths: A Comparison between the Hybrid FDEM Method and Continuous Techniques

Table 1

The equations for determining the DISL model input parameters after [16]. The parameters , , and shown here are defined as material constants based on the crack initiation (CI) stress, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and the tensile strength () of the rock. The subscripts and stand for the peak and residual values, respectively (adopted from [3]).

Modelling method	Peak		Residual
	Input parameter	Value/equation	Input parameter	Value/equation
DISL		0.25		0.75
				0.001
				6–12