Horizontal Loading Tests on Disconnected Piled Rafts and a Simplified Method to Evaluate the Horizontal Bearing Capacity

Table 2

Physical properties of the model sand.

Sand types	Fine sand	Gravel sand
50 percent diameter D50 (mm)	0.12	2.37
Maximum density (g·cm^−3)	1.67	1.72
Minimum density (g·cm^−3)	1.42	1.38
Uniformity coefficient,	2.81	2.13
Specific gravity of the soil particles	2.64	2.66
Relative density	0.6	0.67
Internal friction angle, φ (^o)	32.23	34.14
Cohesion, c (kPa)	1.8	0.6
Compression modulus, Es (MPa)	22	36