Improved HFACS on Human Factors of Construction Accidents: A China Perspective

Table 6

Significant chi-square test of associations and associated values of OR for the analysis of upper-level and adjacent downward-level subcategories in the I-HFACS framework ().

Significant association between upper-level and adjacent downward-level subcategories in the I-HFACS framework	χ2 test			OR value
	χ2 value	value	Theoretical frequency (expected count < 5)
I-HFACS level 5 association with level 4 subcategories
Regulatory factors × safety culture	52.978	0.001	0	17.857
Regulatory factors × organizational process	6.771	0.009	0	2.500
Economic/political/social/legal environment × resource management	4.550	0.033	25%	3.633
I-HFACS level 4 association with level 3 subcategories
Safety culture × inadequate design work	6.191	0.013	0	2.297
Organizational process × on-site management defects	6.070	0.014	25%	6.261
Organizational process × supervisory violations	4.637	0.031	0	2.143
I-HFACS level 3 association with level 2 subcategories
Inadequate design work × adverse psychological states	6.635	0.010	0	2.940
Inadequate design work × adverse physiological states	4.867	0.027	0	3.962
Supervisory violations × adverse spiritual states	4.839	0.028	0	2.196
Supervisory violations × skill underutilization	8.904	0.003	0	2.858
I-HFACS level 2 association with level 1 subcategories
Adverse spiritual states × decision errors	4.919	0.027	0	2.601
Adverse spiritual states × skill-based errors	12.507	0.001	0	3.603
Adverse spiritual states × violations	7.740	0.005	0	3.046
Skill underutilization × decision errors	17.324	0.001	0	5.333
Skill underutilization × skill-based errors	19.391	0.001	0	4.509
Poor physical environment × perceptual errors	7.844	0.005	0	2.819

All tests have 1 degree of freedom. All other comparisons were nonsignificant.