An Artificial Intelligence Method for Asphalt Pavement Pothole Detection Using Least Squares Support Vector Machine and Neural Network with Steerable Filter-Based Feature Extraction

Table 1

Result comparison between ANN and LS-SVM.

Model	BPANN				LS-SVM
Phase	Training		Testing		Training		Testing
Statistics	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
CAR	95.33	7.49	85.25	9.10	94.63	0.68	88.75	3.49
AUC	0.99	0.03	0.92	0.08	0.99	0.00	0.96	0.02
TPR	0.95	0.02	0.81	0.11	0.90	0.01	0.82	0.07
FPR	0.04	0.14	0.10	0.15	0.01	0.01	0.04	0.03
FNR	0.05	0.02	0.20	0.02	0.10	0.01	0.19	0.01
TNR	0.96	0.14	0.90	0.15	0.99	0.01	0.96	0.03