A Three-Dimensional Numerical Investigation of Dynamic Fracture Characteristics of Rock Specimens with Preexisting Surface Flaws

Figure 4

Numerical simulation of the x-axial displacement presents the crack behavior from initiation to failure mode at different select time: (a) t = 20 μs, (b) t = 30 μs, (c) t = 40 μs, (d) t = 45 μs, (e) t = 50 μs, and (f) t = 60 μs.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)