Public-Private Partnerships in the Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in China: An Illustrative Case Study

Table 2

Risk allocation in the Anqing project.

Risk category	Government	SPV
Design/construction risk
Planning and site selection risk	√
Land delivery and coordination risk	√
Design faults		√
Engineering technical faults		√
Labor and equipment acquisition		√
Expansion of power supply capacity		√
Construction preparation		√
General engineering variation		√
Cost overruns of construction and procurement		√
Completion risk		√
Site safety, environmental protection		√
Operation risk
Facilities’ technical defects		√
Commissioning test		√
Facilities and equipment failure		√
Cost overruns of operation and maintenance		√
Quality of service do not reach the standard		√
Grid load regulation		√
Operator default and early termination		√
Overhaul and asset replacement		√
Safety management in operation period		√
Environmental protection in operation period		√
Financial risk
Financing failure		√
High financing costs		√
Interest rate change		√
Foreign exchange risk		√
Debt risk/liquidity risk		√
SPV bankruptcy	√	√
Revenue risk
Change of electric car ownership/charging infrastructure utilization ratio	√	√
Government pricing changes, such as service fees	√
Changes in other revenue		√
Inflation	√	√
Legal risk
Contract document conflict	√	√
Third party default		√
Government behavior risk
Government default and early termination	√
Expropriation and nationalization	√
Approval delay	√
Special engineering variation	√
Tax variation	√	√
Industry standard variation	√	√
Technology variation	√	√
Other risk
Force majeure	√	√