Assessment of the Dynamic Behavior of Beam-to-Column Connections in Steel Pallet Racks under Cyclic Load: Numerical Investigation

Figure 5

Surface-to-surface interaction among components. (a) Interactions between column and the beam-end connector. (b) Normal hard contact between column and rivets. (c) Tangential frictionless contact between column and rivets.

(a)

(b)

(c)