Research Article
Assessment of the Dynamic Behavior of Beam-to-Column Connections in Steel Pallet Racks under Cyclic Load: Numerical Investigation
Table 5
Deterioration comparison of positive and negative stiffness.
| | ID | Positive unloading stiffness | Negative loading stiffness | Negative unloading stiffness | Positive loading stiffness | | a | Absolute difference rate (%) | c | Absolute difference rate (%) | f | Absolute difference rate (%) | h | Absolute difference rate (%) |
| | A | A-1 | 2.661 | 9.64 | 3.665 | 6.32 | 3.271 | 5.45 | 1.973 | 8.11 | | A-2 (standard) | 2.427 | / | 3.447 | / | 3.102 | / | 1.825 | / | | A-3 | 2.203 | 9.23 | 3.209 | 6.91 | 2.827 | 8.87 | 1.613 | 11.62 | | B | B-1 | 2.694 | 11.01 | 3.632 | 5.37 | 3.347 | 7.32 | 2.017 | 10.52 | | B-2 (standard) | 2.427 | / | 3.447 | / | 3.102 | / | 1.825 | / | | B-3 | 2.197 | 9.48 | 3.159 | 8.36 | 2.808 | 9.47 | 1.593 | 12.71 | | C | C-1 (standard) | 2.427 | / | 3.447 | / | 3.102 | / | 1.825 | / | | C-2 | 2.052 | 15.45 | 3.002 | 12.91 | 2.765 | 10.86 | 1.405 | 23.01 | | D | D-1 (standard) | 2.427 | / | 3.447 | / | 3.102 | / | 1.825 | / | | D-2 | 2.209 | 9.00 | 3.196 | 7.28 | 2.904 | 6.38 | 1.618 | 11.34 | | D-3 | 2.431 | 0.16 | 3.426 | 0.06 | 3.098 | 0.12 | 1.834 | 0.49 | | E | E-1 (standard) | 2.427 | / | 3.447 | / | 3.102 | / | 1.825 | / | | E-2 | 2.105 | 13.27 | 3.109 | 9.81 | 2.822 | 9.03 | 1.466 | 19.67 | | E-3 | 2.096 | 13.64 | 2.757 | 10.21 | 2.519 | 9.49 | 1.423 | 22.03 | | F | F-1 (standard) | 2.427 | / | 3.447 | / | 3.102 | / | 1.825 | / | | F-2 | 2.485 | 2.39 | 3.525 | 2.26 | 3.158 | 1.81 | 1.913 | 4.82 | | F-3 | 2.723 | 12.20 | 3.803 | 10.32 | 3.601 | 16.09 | 2.258 | 23.73 |
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