Vertical Rods as a Seismic Reinforcement Technique for Rammed Earth Walls: An Assessment

Table 3

Damages and the corresponding forces obtained (the pushing direction is the same as in Figure 3).

Walls	First crack force (kN)	Max. force (kN)	Max. principal strain and joint slip	Damage state in intralayers	Joint shear displacement (m)
Unreinforced	34.3 kN	105.4
Reinforced with 0.05 MPa prestress rods	51.4 kN	118.8
Reinforced with 0.1 MPa prestress rods	95.1 kN	113.8