Vertical Rods as a Seismic Reinforcement Technique for Rammed Earth Walls: An Assessment

Table 4

Damage evolution in the case of out-of-plane horizontal loading.

Walls	Max. force (kN)	Max. principal strain (deformed factor = 10)	Damage state in interlayers
Unreinforced	31.05
Reinforced with 0.05 MPa prestress rods	51.95
Reinforced with 0.1 MPa prestress rods	55.91