New Zealand Building Project Cost and Its Influential Factors: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach

Table 1

Categories of the influential factors.

Construct	Measurement instrument	Source
Project characteristics factor (PCF)	Site accessibility	[47–50]
	Project complexity
	Procurement methods
	Contract selection
	Novel technology
Key stakeholders’ perspectives (KSP)	Clients	[51–56]
	Consultants
	Contractors
	Building officers
	Suppliers
Market and industry conditions (MIC)	Resource market	[57–61]
	Competition level
	Boom and bust cycle
	Relationship of supply and demand
	Market properties
	Investment tendency and confidence
	House sell and rental prices
Regulatory regime (RR)	Building codes	[62–65]
	Health and safety regulations
	Political policy
	Financial regulations
	Construction contract act
Macroeconomic dynamics (MED)	Global economic trends	[66–72]
	Global political conditions
	Natural forces
	Employment
	Population
	Labor cost
	Economic inflation
	Exchange rate
Project cost [68]	Capital construction cost	[17]
	Associated capital cost
	Client’s other costs