Simultaneous Shape and Stacking Sequence Optimization of Laminated Composite Free-Form Shells Using Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm

Table 3

Comparison of fundamental frequency of initial and finial generations in Example 1 (Hz).

	Initial generation		Final generation		Relative increase (%)
	Average	Best	Average	Best	Average	Best
Shell 1	27.89	88.62	124.48	172.37	346.32	94.50
Shell 2	91.97	251.56	287.52	360.59	212.62	43.34
Shell 3	317.80	448.00	498.98	589.12	57.01	31.50