Statistical Analysis of Influence of Cover Depth on Loess Tunnel Deformation in NW China

Table 1

Overview of part loess tunnels [26, 36, 51].

Number	Tunnel	Loess types	Span (m)	Excavation method
1	Zhangmao	Q2 CL	15.2	BEM
2	Hejiazhuang	Q2 CL	15.2	BEM
3	Hanguguan	Q3 SL	15.2	CRD and BEM
4	Wenxiang	Q2 CL	15.2	BSDM
5	Pandong	Q3 SL	15.2	CRD
6	Taicun	Q3 SL	15.2	CRD
7	Qindong	Q3 SL, Q1 CL, Q1 SL	15.2	BSDM + BEM
8	Tongluochuan	Q3 SL, Q1 CL, Q1 SL	15.2	CRD and CD
9	Gaoqiao	Q3 SL, Q2 SL	15.2	BEM
10	Taohuayu	Q2 SL	17.3	BEM
11	Xixian	Q2 CL	12.2	BEM
12	Yuanyanghui	Q3 SL	12.2	BEM
13	Qingpita	Q3 SL	12.2	BEM
14	Mizhi number 1	Q3 SL	12.77	BEM
15	Dunliang	Q2 CL	17.31	BEM
16	Liujiaping	Q2 CL	12.26	BEM
17	Humaling	Q3 SL	13.6	BEM
18	Dayushan	Q3 SL	12.2	BEM
19	Nanershilipu	Q3 SL	15.2	BEM
20	Anding	Q3 SL	15.2	BEM
21	Sujiachuan	Q3 SL	15.2	BEM
22	Wangjiagou	Q3 SL	15.2	BEM

Q₂: Middle Pleistocene. Q₃: Late Pleistocene. SL: sandy loess. CL: clayey loess. BSDM: both-side drift method. BEM: bench excavation method. CD: central diaphragm method. CRD: cross diaphragm method.