Stiffness Analysis of Recycled Self-Compacting Concrete-Filled Circular Steel Tubular Columns under Eccentric Compression

Figure 4

Load-stiffness curves: (a) effect of strength grade of concrete (e = 20 mm); (b) effect of replacement ratio of RCA (e = 40 mm); (c) effect of eccentricity (C30- 0-L500); (d) effect of length-diameter ratio (e = 60 mm).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)