Instability Process of Crack Propagation and Tunnel Failure Affected by Cross-Sectional Geometry of an Underground Tunnel

<div>The process of macrocrack propagation around a tunnel during excavation, loading, and stabilization.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

Figure 10: Instability Process of Crack Propagation and Tunnel Failure Affected by Cross-Sectional Geometry of an Underground Tunnel 