Influences of Urban Viaduct Pier Caps on Uneven Settlement of Roadbed

Table 1

Parameters for soil mass calculation.

Category	Parameter
	(m)	(kN/m^3)	(kN/m^2)	(kN/m^2)	(kN/m^2)				(°)	(kN/m^2)
Miscellaneous fill	5	17	4500	4500	13,500	0.35	0.3	0.3	18	8
Clay	13	17.7	8000	8000	24,000	0.35	0.4	0.2	12	24
Silty clay	14	17.7	15,000	15,000	45,000	0.33	0.3	0.2	21	15
Silty sand	10	19.4	8000	8000	24,000	0.30	0.25	0.3	33	1
Sandstone	23	21.8	75,000	75,000	225,000	0.20	0.5	0.3	35	400

Note: : thickness; : gravity; : the secant stiffness of the 3-axis test; : the tangent stiffness () from the principal compression and compaction test; : unloading elastic modulus; : Poisson’s ratio; : initial pore ration; : porosity; : friction angle; : cohesion.