Optimization for U-Shaped Steel Support in Deep Tunnels under Coupled Static-Dynamic Loading

Figure 4

Deformation of the U-shaped steel with different spacings: (a) 0.5 m; (b) 1.0 m; (c) 1.5 m; (d) 2.0 m; (e) 2.5 m. They are represented by the curves in black, red, blue, pink, and green, respectively. Blue to red, small to large deformation. The data from the monitoring points are extracted and drawn as the broken line map (f). The maximum values were 1.5502 mm, 1.2614 mm, 1.2615 mm, 1.2617 mm, and 1.2619 mm, respectively.

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(b)

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(f)