Optimization for U-Shaped Steel Support in Deep Tunnels under Coupled Static-Dynamic Loading

Figure 5

Deformation of the U-shaped steel with different lateral stress coefficients: (a) 0.8; (b) 1.0; (c) 1.2; (d) 1.5; (e) 2.0. Dark blue to deep red, small to large deformation. The maximum values were 1.3533 mm, 1.2614 mm, 1.1701 mm, 1.0344 mm, and 0.95849 mm, respectively.

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