Robustness and Resilience of Structures under Extreme Loads

Figure 3

Examples of changes in structural system after local damage during extreme event (bombings during WWII): (a) seven-storey steel-framed office building reported by [37] after the main plate girder was blown down by a direct hit; (b) damage over the Oissel Bridge over the Seine reported in [38] (photographs used with the permission of the Institution of Civil Engineers, ICE).

(a)

(b)