Effect of Flexibility Ratio on Seismic Response of Cut-and-Cover Box Tunnel

Figure 18

(a) Undeformed shape. Deformed shapes (scale factor = 50 magnification) plotted at time step of maximum thrust for (b) Loma Prieta, (c) Nahanni, and (d) Chi-Chi motions.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)