Research Article

Behavior Selection of Stakeholders toward Megaproject Social Responsibility: Perspective from Social Action Theory

Table 1

Development and design of the scale items.

ConstructItemsReference source

Institutional pressurePRES2: contract documents contain clear requirements for project quality and safety, handling public social events, and ecological environmental protection Wang et al. [30]; Zheng [48]
PRES3: contents of construction standard specification regarding quality and safety of megaprojects, environmental protection, occupational health, green construction, etc. are specific
PRES4: project culture advocates the importance of engineering quality and safety, social impact, and ecological environmental protection
PRES5: project has strict supervision and information feedback on engineering quality and safety, occupational health, social impact, and ecological environment

Mutual feedback mechanismMFM1: project has adopted effective communication methods such as charts, tables, etc.Wu et al. [39]; Holland et al. [32]
MFM2: through regular meetings, information sharing between project parties is very accurate
MFM3: it is very timely to communicate with other participants through documents
MFM4: project team hopes that the participants know what the project is doing and why

Relationship qualityREQUA1: other project participants always abide by our commitment to usLu and Wang [38]; Xu et al. [49]
REQUA2: we can trust that the project participants are sincere
REQUA3: when making important decisions, the project participants will consider our interests.
REQUA5: we are satisfied with the project participants in terms of technology and management.
REQUA6: considering the overall performance of the project participants, it can be said that they have reached our expectations

External appealEXAPPE2: relevant government regulatory authorities require attention to social responsibility issuesWang et al. [30]; Zhao [50]
EXAPPE3: the public is highly concerned about megaprojects, and the media frequently reports on project social responsibility.
EXAPPE5: relevant NGOs require projects to pay attention to social responsibility issues

Social responsibility cognitionSCAW3R: the society’s expectation for megaprojects is only to complete the construction task (R)Xu and Liang [51]; Zheng [48]
SCAW4R: we must pay attention to the construction of megaprojects and should not assume social responsibility (R).
SCAW5R: taking social responsibility consumes our extra resources and deviates from the main project objectives (R)

Hypocritical behaviorHYBE1R: when we fulfill our social responsibilities, we can fully do what we say and do (R)Wagner et al. [52]; Xiao et al. [53]
HYBE2R: we never make an empty social responsibility commitment®
HYBE3R: we will not pretend to perform social responsibility at any time (R)

Synergistic behaviorSYBE1: other participants can provide support to help us solve social responsibility problemsYan et al. [54]
SYBE2: we can provide support to help other participants solve social responsibility issues.
SYBE3: when there is a social responsibility problem in the implementation of the project, there is no shirking responsibility.
SYBE4: participants actively and continuously consider social responsibility issues.
SYBE6: in the implementation of social responsibility behavior, the participants have maintained a good cooperative relationship