Test and Numerical Study on Monotonic Behavior of Complex CFT Column Joints

<div>Failure modes of test joints. (a) Local buckling of the A1 joint under load case LS1. (b) Local buckling of the B1 joint under load case LS1. (c) Local buckling of the B1 joint under load case LS2.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 7

Figure 7: Test and Numerical Study on Monotonic Behavior of Complex CFT Column Joints 