Working Mechanism of Pile Group with Different Pile Spacing in Dense Sand

Table 2

Micromechanical parameters for the DEM simulation.

Parameter	Value
Sand
Density	1650 kg/m^3
Particle number	17732
Smallest particle radius	4 mm
Largest particle radius	6 mm
Normal and shear stiffness	73 kN/m
Friction coefficient	0.7
Pile group
Normal and shear stiffness	73 kN/m
Contact friction coefficient	0.7