Influence of Water Inrush from Excavation Surface on the Stress and Deformation of Tunnel-Forming Structure at the Launching-Arrival Stage of Subway Shield

Figure 15

Surface subsidence diagram corresponding to water head difference h at the top of the silty sand layer. (a) Surface subsidence at water head difference h = 4.5 m. (b) Surface subsidence at water head difference h = 7.5 m. (c) Surface subsidence at water head difference h = 10.5 m. (d) Surface subsidence at water head difference h = 13.5 m.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)