Influence of Water Inrush from Excavation Surface on the Stress and Deformation of Tunnel-Forming Structure at the Launching-Arrival Stage of Subway Shield

<div>Numerical simulation of shield tunnel excavation. (a) Shield machine body enters the soil, (b) segment and tail grouting, (c) segment and tail grouting, and (d) segment and hardened paste.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 8

Figure 8: Influence of Water Inrush from Excavation Surface on the Stress and Deformation of Tunnel-Forming Structure at the Launching-Arrival Stage of Subway Shield 

Figure 8 | Influence of Water Inrush from Excavation Surface on the Stress and Deformation of Tunnel-Forming Structure at the Launching-Arrival Stage of Subway Shield 