Floor Failure Evolution Mechanism for a Fully Mechanized Longwall Mining Face above a Confined Aquifer

Figure 11

Development range of the plastic zone for the floor at different advance distances: 80 m mining advance by (a) caving and (b) backfilling; 120 m mining advance by (c) caving and (d) backfilling; and 160 m mining advance by (e) caving and (f) backfilling.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)