Updating Soil Spatial Variability and Reducing Uncertainty in Soil Excavations by Kriging and Ensemble Kalman Filter

Figure 1

Finite element mesh and excavation sequence: 1st layer excavation (a), 2nd layer excavation (b), 3rd layer excavation (c), and 4th layer excavation (d) (circles indicate 12 displacement measurement locations, and the dot indicates the target node where uncertainties in displacements are to be investigated).

(a)

(b)

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(d)