Research Article
Ground Settlements due to Construction of Triplet Tunnels with Different Construction Arrangements
Table 2
Overview of the soil parameters of the Heinenoord tunnel.
| | Parameters | Soil layers | | Fill | Clayey sand | Sand |
| | Saturated soil density, γsat (kN/m3) | 17.2 | 20 | 20 | | Effective cohesion, c′ (MPa) | 3 ∗ 10−3 | 7 ∗ 10−3 | 10–5 | | Effective angle of friction, Ø′ (degrees) | 27 | 31 | 35 | | Poisson ratio, | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | | Initial shear modulus, (MPa) | 52 | 88 | 175 | | Shear strain level at which the secant shear modulus (Gs) is reduced to 72.2%, γ0.7 | 5 ∗ 10−4 | 5 ∗ 10−4 | 5 ∗ 10−4 | | Power indicating the stress-level dependency of the stiffness, m | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | | Tangent stiffness modulus, (MPa) | 14 | 7 | 35 | | Unloading-reloading stiffness modulus, (MPa) | 42 | 35 | 105 |
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