Ground Settlements due to Construction of Triplet Tunnels with Different Construction Arrangements

Table 4

Overview of the tunnel lining parameters (Schotte et al. [24]).

Parameter	Bottom tunnels	Top tunnel	Heinenoord tunnel
Tunnel diameter, D (m)	10	8	8.3
Young modulus of concrete, Ec (MPa)	37	37	37
Unit weight of concrete, γc (kN/m^3)	24	24	24
Lining thickness, t (m)	0.5	0.5	0.4
Lining surface area, A (m^2)	14.92	9.55	10.93
Moment of inertia, I (m^4)	168.8	69.1	84.05
Normal stiffness, EA (kN)	1.85 ∗ 10^7	1.48 ∗ 10^7	1.05 ∗ 10^4
Flexural rigidity, EI (kNm^2)	3.85 ∗ 10^5	1.97 ∗ 10^5	2.68 ∗ 10^4
Lining weight, WLining (kN/m)	12.02	9.61	24
TBM weight, WTBM (kN/m)	18.1	14.5	14.5