Prediction of Response of Existing Building Piles to Adjacent Deep Excavation in Soft Clay

Table 1

Input parameters of the finite element method.

Name of soil layer	Thickness (m)	γsat (kN/m^3)	c (kPa)	(°)	(kN/m^2)	(kN/m^2)	(kN/m^2)	(kN/m^2)	γ0.7
Silty clay	6	17	18	15	5000	5000	1.9 × 10^4	1.1 × 10^5	2 × 10^−3
Soft clay	29	16	16	18	3000	3000	1.8 × 10^4	6 × 10^4	2 × 10^−3
Medium clay	30	18	50	30	8000	8000	2.7 × 10^4	5 × 10^5	2 × 10^−3

γ_sat = effective saturated unit weight; c and φ = cohesion and friction angle of soil, respectively;  = secant stiffness in the standard drained triaxial test;  = tangent stiffness for primary oedometer loading;  = unloading-reloading stiffness; and γ_0.7 are the parameters related to small strain behaviors.