Evaluating the Surface Free Energy and Moisture Sensitivity of Warm Mix Asphalt Binders Using Dynamic Contact Angle

Table 6

Receding contact angle of asphalt binders.

Binder type	Cecabase additive %	Solvent	Receding contact angle (degree)
			Original sample		RTFO-aged sample		PAV-aged sample
			Average	SD	Average	SD	Average	SD
PG-64	0.0	Water	72.91	0.98	70.78	1.00	73.88	0.96
		Ethylene glycol	70.87	0.96	67.56	1.00	68.06	0.99
		Methylene iodide	73.33	0.94	69.24	0.99	70.31	0.96
	0.2	Water	71.85	0.99	71.32	0.99	72.37	1.00
		Ethylene glycol	70.02	0.99	67.66	1.00	71.69	1.00
		Methylene iodide	69.19	0.98	69.16	0.99	70.8	0.94
	0.3	Water	71.27	0.97	71.07	0.98	72.22	1.00
		Ethylene glycol	70.65	0.98	68.05	1.00	69.00	0.98
		Methylene iodide	68.65	0.98	67.57	0.97	68.85	0.97
	0.4	Water	70.64	0.93	69.11	0.98	71.48	0.99
		Ethylene glycol	67.62	0.99	67.35	0.98	68.2	0.98
		Methylene iodide	65.65	1.00	63.02	0.99	67.00	0.99
PG-76	0.0	Water	69.23	0.28	68.85	0.90	70.93	0.93
		Ethylene glycol	68.45	0.89	67.54	0.58	68.09	0.99
		Methylene iodide	70.75	0.73	69.32	0.92	69.24	1.00
	0.2	Water	69.62	0.87	67.45	0.99	71.33	0.99
		Ethylene glycol	67.9	0.98	68.15	0.99	69.09	1.00
		Methylene iodide	68.83	0.91	66.43	0.99	68.77	0.99
	0.3	Water	71.33	0.99	69.68	0.99	72.22	1.00
		Ethylene glycol	69.93	1.00	68.79	1.00	70.44	1.00
		Methylene iodide	68.21	1.00	67.8	0.99	67.75	1.00
	0.4	Water	71.18	0.90	70.25	0.99	73.09	0.97
		Ethylene glycol	69.09	0.87	69.46	1.00	70.91	0.99
		Methylene iodide	67.02	0.90	68.17	1.00	69.73	0.99