A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) and Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Pavement: A Case Study in China

Table 6

The sensitivity of GWP, CADP, and PMF with the corresponding unit process.

Unit process-inventory	GWP		CADP		PMF
	HMA	WMA	HMA	WMA	HMA	WMA
Asphalt pavement-raw materials	56.56	65.70	74.88	77.04	41.28	50.10
Raw materials’ production-petroleum asphalt	36.50	41.22	50.57	51.27	20.95	23.93
Petroleum asphalt production-raw petroleum	35.23	39.79	59.45	60.28	12.51	14.29
Asphalt pavement-asphalt-mixture production	24.88	14.72	—	—	28.37	17.03
Asphalt-mixture production-CO2 emission	18.18	—	—	—	—	—
Raw materials’ production-modified asphalt	15.75	17.79	19.42	19.68	11.18	12.78
Modified asphalt production-raw petroleum	11.33	12.80	19.13	19.39	—	—
Asphalt pavement-maintenance	10.75	10.76	11.30	11.32	—	—
Asphalt pavement-end of life	—	—	—	—	11.31	12.92