Shield Tunneling under Railway Station Throats in Soft Soil Areas: A Case Study

Table 4

FEM simulation results with and without ground improvement.

Position	Maximum settlement (mm)
	Unreinforced ground	Reinforced ground
Turnouts numbers 51–57	−11.41	−7.39
Turnout number 63	−11.52	−7.60
Turnout numbers 77–83	−11.11	−7.40
Turnout number 93	−10.94	−7.39